Towards stormwater reuse risk management plans: Methodology and catchment scale evaluation of QMRA
Anno: 2025
Rivista: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autori/autrici: Szelag, Bartosz; De Simoni, Lucia; Kiczko, Adam; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/339499
Citazioni:
Towards stormwater reuse risk management plans: Methodology and catchment scale evaluation of QMRA / Szelag, Bartosz; De Simoni, Lucia; Kiczko, Adam; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco. - In: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. - ISSN 0048-9697. - 964:(2025). [10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178552]
Abstract:
The reuse of stormwater represents a potential option for meeting water demands in water stressed regions as well as preventing and mitigating diffuse pollution of receiving water bodies. Particularly, the elaboration of a risk management plan for stormwater reuse may help to understand associated e...nvironmental and public health risks and design fit-for-purpose water treatment processes. In this work, it is presented an innovative methodology to perform quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for stormwater reuse by using data simulated by SWMM software. Particularly, 210 rain events were simulated by SWMM after qualitative and quantitative calibration of the sewer network model of the city of Cupra Maritima (Italy) to identify sewer overflows. Obtained concentrations of pathogens (i.e., E. coli, Campylobacter) in overflows from each critical spillway were fitted by theoretical distribution curves. Hence, QMRA for Campylobacter was performed by Monte Carlo simulation and by linking observed overflows to the exposure events of stormwater reuse for the scenario of 1) municipal irrigation, 2) garden irrigation and 3) toilet flushing as defined by the Australian Guideline for water recycling. Furthermore, QMRA analysis was repeated after simulation of sewer overflow treatment by nature-based solution (NBS) with and without disinfection (UV and performic acid - PFA). Stormwater treatments were simulated by applying uniform distributions of expected range of bacteria log removals. Results showed that stormwater treatment by nature-based solution and disinfections (PFA dose of 2.5–5 mg/L) were able to reduce the risk of Campylobacter infection to acceptable level for most of spillways in the three investigated reuse scenarios. In addition, produced data were elaborated to identify critical overflows discharging in bathing water according to the indications of the EU bathing directive
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Forecasting and Early Warning System for Wastewater Treatment Plant Sensors Using Multitask and LSTM Neural Networks: A Simulated and Real-World Case Study
Anno: 2025
Rivista: COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Autori/autrici: Ciuccoli, Nicolo'; Fatone, Francesco; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Rosati, Riccardo; Screpanti, Laura; Mancini, Adriano; Scaradozzi, David
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/342192
Citazioni:
Forecasting and Early Warning System for Wastewater Treatment Plant Sensors Using Multitask and LSTM Neural Networks: A Simulated and Real-World Case Study / Ciuccoli, Nicolo'; Fatone, Francesco; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Rosati, Riccardo; Screpanti, Laura; Mancini, Adriano; Scaradozzi, David. - In: COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. - ISSN 0098-1354. - 198:(2025). [10.1016/j.compchemeng.2025.109103]
Abstract:
The increasing global water scarcity has made the safe reuse of treated wastewater essential, especially in agriculture, where untreated water poses risks to public health. Digitalizing Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) can enhance real-time water quality monitoring and optimize plant operations. ...This study implements an Early Warning System (EWS) at the Peschiera Borromeo WWTP in Milan, Italy, using predictive models based on simulated and real datasets to estimate key water quality parameters like Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). A Multi-Task Learning (MTL) neural network provided real-time predictions and sensor malfunction detection, while a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network forecasted water quality up to six hours ahead. Simulated data showed high correlation coefficients above 0.98, but real-world data reduced performance to 0.31–0.67. Despite this, the EWS shows strong potential for improving treated water reuse reliability and operational efficiency in WWTPs
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Decision Support System for stormwater reuse based on risk assessment developed in the WATERUN project
Anno: 2024
Autori/autrici: De Simoni, L.; Sgroi, M.; Szelag, B.; Kiczko, A.; Fatone, F.
Classificazione IRIS: 4.2 Abstract in Atti di convegno
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/340859
Citazioni:
Decision Support System for stormwater reuse based on risk assessment developed in the WATERUN project / De Simoni, L.; Sgroi, M.; Szelag, B.; Kiczko, A.; Fatone, F.. - (2024).

Development of methodology for stormwater reuse risk management plans
Anno: 2024
Autori/autrici: DE SIMONI, Lucia; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Szelag, Bartosz; Kiczko, Adam; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco
Classificazione IRIS: 4.2 Abstract in Atti di convegno
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/340856
Citazioni:
Development of methodology for stormwater reuse risk management plans / DE SIMONI, Lucia; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Szelag, Bartosz; Kiczko, Adam; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco. - (2024).

Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems-Climate Nexus in the Water Reuse Sector. Current State, Gaps, and Challenges for Practical Applications
Anno: 2024
Autori/autrici: Barros, V. G.; González-Camejo, J.; Tombolini, L.; Sgroi, M.; Foglia, A.; Eusebi, A. L.; Fatone, F.
Classificazione IRIS: 2.1 Contributo in volume (Capitolo o Saggio)
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/339512
Citazioni:
Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems-Climate Nexus in the Water Reuse Sector. Current State, Gaps, and Challenges for Practical Applications / Barros, V. G.; González-Camejo, J.; Tombolini, L.; Sgroi, M.; Foglia, A.; Eusebi, A. L.; Fatone, F.. - 113:(2024), pp. 565-590. [10.1007/978-3-031-67739-7_24]
Abstract:
Under the current socio-economic situation, water security will get harder and harder to be assured, especially in the areas that would be more deeply affected by climate change such as the Mediterranean. It is paramount to diversify sources of water that cover the needs of agricultural, industrial,... and domestic activities. Among other sources, water reuse is taken into consideration. But water reuse is tightly related to other sectors such as energy, food, and ecosystems, which are all also affected by climate. In this context, the water-energy-food-ecosystems-climate (WEFEC) Nexus concept emerges with the aim to provide comprehensive understanding of all those interlinked sectors, with the goal to develop and implement economic activities, political decision, and regulations that promote the efficient use of natural resources. The Nexus is a relatively new and evolving concept, which is highly related to plenty other emerging concepts such as sustainable development, circular economy, reuse and recycling, industrial symbiosis. Since 2017, the scientific community has witnessed a sudden surge in popularity for the WEFE Nexus (and its variations). However, despite its potential benefits, its practical application is still in its early stages, primarily limited to WEFC/WEFE Nexus R&D&I works. The great challenge is related to the implementation of standard assessment methodologies that could integrate all the elements and sectors involved in the Nexus in a way that they could properly represent local and global realities while expressing the results in an understanding way to approach them to wide audiences and relevant stakeholders. This chapter provides an overview of the role of the WEFEC Nexus in the water reuse topic. A review of current scientific articles and R&D&I projects was conducted to analyze the current state of the art. From this review, a list of methods and tools that have been used so far for preliminary Nexus assessment was collected. The review also enabled to detect current gaps that are also described in this chapter. Finally, based on the authors’ experience, some guidelines related to the future developments of the Nexus topic are provided
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Fate and behaviour of PFAS in natural resources: towards a safe circular economy
Anno: 2024
Autori/autrici: Lions, Julie; Togola, Anne; Groot, Hans; Bakker, Martine; van Hullebusch, Eric D.; Miehe, Ulf; Zhiteneva, Veronika; Dulio, Valeria; Boucard, Pierre; Hartmann, Julia; Heine, Nicole; Track, Thomas; Sperlich, Alexander; Zessner, Matthias; Bosch, Carme; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Fatone, Francesco; Jou Claus, Sonia; Colombano, Stefan; H2020 PROMISCES project, Partners
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 4.1 Contributo in Atti di convegno
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/329512
Citazioni:
Fate and behaviour of PFAS in natural resources: towards a safe circular economy / Lions, Julie; Togola, Anne; Groot, Hans; Bakker, Martine; van Hullebusch, Eric D.; Miehe, Ulf; Zhiteneva, Veronika; Dulio, Valeria; Boucard, Pierre; Hartmann, Julia; Heine, Nicole; Track, Thomas; Sperlich, Alexander; Zessner, Matthias; Bosch, Carme; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Fatone, Francesco; Jou Claus, Sonia; Colombano, Stefan; H2020 PROMISCES project, Partners. - (2024). (Intervento presentato al convegno EGU General Assembly 2024 tenutosi a Vienna, Austria nel 14–19 Apr 2024) [10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16438].

Fluorescence-Based Approach for Monitoring Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) During Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Adsorption
Anno: 2024
Autori/autrici: Marino, Luigi; Gagliano, Erica; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Anumol, Tarun; Snyder, Shane A.; Korshin, Gregory; Roccaro, Paolo
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 2.1 Contributo in volume (Capitolo o Saggio)
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/339513
Citazioni:
Fluorescence-Based Approach for Monitoring Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) During Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Adsorption / Marino, Luigi; Gagliano, Erica; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Anumol, Tarun; Snyder, Shane A.; Korshin, Gregory; Roccaro, Paolo. - 524 LNCE:(2024), pp. 240-245. [10.1007/978-3-031-63353-9_42]
Abstract:
This study explores the GAC adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), that stands out as the most frequently produced and detected compounds belonging to the class of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Experiments were performed on three distinct w...astewaters (WW-1, WW-2, WW-3) employing rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs). RSSCTs were carried out at the same empty bed contact time (EBCT) using a commercially available GAC. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was used to deconvolute fluorescence EEMs. Four independent PARAFAC components were found. High linear correlations were found between the PFAS breakthrough and the breakthrough of the PARAFAC components during the GAC process for WW-1, WW-2 and WW-3. In particular, the PARAFAC component C3, representative of the protein tryptophan-like fluorescence region, lead to high accuracy prediction models of PFOA and PFOS breakthough.
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Microplastics in urban water cycles: Looking for a more scientific approach for sampling and characterization in wastewater and drinking water treatment plants
Anno: 2024
Rivista: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autori/autrici: Foglia, Alessia; Pittura, Lucia; Vivani, Veronica; Sgroi, Massimiliano; De Simoni, Lucia; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Gorbi, Stefania; Regoli, Francesco; Fatone, Francesco
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/334752
Citazioni:
Microplastics in urban water cycles: Looking for a more scientific approach for sampling and characterization in wastewater and drinking water treatment plants / Foglia, Alessia; Pittura, Lucia; Vivani, Veronica; Sgroi, Massimiliano; De Simoni, Lucia; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Gorbi, Stefania; Regoli, Francesco; Fatone, Francesco. - In: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. - ISSN 0048-9697. - 952:(2024). [10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175919]
Abstract:
Specific campaigns to detect microplastics (MPs) in the urban water cycle were carried out in three drinking water plants and two wastewater treatment plants. A self-designed sampler for MPs detection in water matrices was in this study preliminary validated and then tested in long term campaigns sa...mpling up to 1000 L. Raw drinking water and wastewater show microplastics (MPs) concentrations of 2–11 and of 480–801 MPs/m3, respectively, and MPs removals of 47–78 % and of 84–98 %, correspondingly. Specific roles of chemical and physical conventional processes in microplastics removals were investigated. Solid-liquid separation, flotation and filtration are the main processes for achieving high microplastics removal. Regarding concentrated matrices, MPs concentrations in sludge samples varied in the range of 5000–500,000 MPs/m3. Finally, shapes, size classes and polymers' typologies were investigated in the extracted MPs. The detected sizes are mainly 0.5–0.1 mm in drinking waters while 5–1 mm in wastewaters. Wastewaters were predominated by synthetic fibers (polyester type), while drinking waters were mainly characterized by fragments and the fibers were mostly of natural origin. Finally, the results of this study supported best practices and guidelines for a representative assessment of MPs in water (sampling methods, extraction procedures, characterization and quantification).
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Process innovations and circular strategies for closing the water loop in a process industry
Anno: 2024
Rivista: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Autori/autrici: Karkou, Efthalia; Angelis-Dimakis, Athanasios; Parlapiano, Marco; Savvakis, Nikolaos; Siddique, Owais; Vyrkou, Antonia; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Fatone, Francesco; Arampatzis, George
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/339498
Citazioni:
Process innovations and circular strategies for closing the water loop in a process industry / Karkou, Efthalia; Angelis-Dimakis, Athanasios; Parlapiano, Marco; Savvakis, Nikolaos; Siddique, Owais; Vyrkou, Antonia; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Fatone, Francesco; Arampatzis, George. - In: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. - ISSN 0301-4797. - 370:(2024). [10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122748]
Abstract:
By implementing advanced wastewater treatment technologies coupled with digital tools, high-quality water is produced to be reused within the industry, enhancing process efficiency and closing loops. This paper investigates the impact of three innovation tools (process, circular and digital) in a So...lvay chemical plant. Four technologies of the wastewater treatment plant “WAPEREUSE” were deployed, predicting their performance by process modelling and simulation in the PSM Tool. The environmental impact was assessed using Life Cycle Assessment and compared to the impact of the current industrial effluent discharge. The circularity level was assessed through three alternative closed-loop scenarios: (1) conventional treatment and discharge to sea (baseline), (2) conventional and advanced treatment by WAPEREUSE and discharge to sea, (3) conventional and advanced treatment by WAPEREUSE and industrial water reuse through cross-sectorial symbiotic network, where effluents are exchanged among the process industry, municipality and a water utility. Scenario 1 has the lowest pollutants’ removal efficiency with environmental footprint of 0.93 mPt/m3. WAPEREUSE technologies decreased COD by 98.3%, TOC by 91.4% and nitrates by 94.5%. Scenario 2 had environmental footprint of 1.12 mPt/m3. The cross-sectorial symbiotic network on the industrial value chain resulted in higher industrial circularity and sustainability level, avoiding effluents discharge. Scenario 3 is selected as the best option with 0.72 mPt per m3, reducing the environmental footprint by 21% and 36% compared to Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively
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Novel extended hybrid tool for real time control and practically support decisions to reduce GHG emissions in full scale wastewater treatment plants
Anno: 2024
Rivista: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Autori/autrici: Lancioni, Nicola; Szelag, Bartosz; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Barbusiński, Krzysztof; Fatone, Francesco; Eusebi, Anna Laura
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/334532
Citazioni:
Novel extended hybrid tool for real time control and practically support decisions to reduce GHG emissions in full scale wastewater treatment plants / Lancioni, Nicola; Szelag, Bartosz; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Barbusiński, Krzysztof; Fatone, Francesco; Eusebi, Anna Laura. - In: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. - ISSN 0301-4797. - 365:(2024). [10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121502]
Abstract:
In this paper, a novel methodology and extended hybrid model for the real time control, prediction and reduction of direct emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is proposed to overcome the lack of long-term data availability in several full-scale case studies.... A mechanistic model (MCM) and a machine learning (ML) model are combined to real time control, predict the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as effluent quality (COD – chemical oxygen demand, NH4-N – ammonia, NO3-N - nitrate) in activated sludge method. For methane (CH4), using the MCM model, predictions are performed on the input data (VFA, CODs for aerobic and anaerobic compartments) to the MLM model. Additionally, scenarios were analyzed to assess and reduce the GHGs emissions related to the biological processes. A real WWTP, with a population equivalent (PE) of 125,000, was studied for the validation of the hybrid model. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of the MCM and a ML model were implemented to assess GHGs emission mechanisms the biological reactor. Finally, an early warning tool for the prediction of GHGs errors was implemented to assess the accuracy and the reliability of the proposed algorithm. The results could support the wastewater treatment plant operators to evaluate possible mitigation scenarios (MS) that can reduce direct GHG emissions from WWTPs by up to 21%, while maintaining the final quality standard of the treated effluent
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Assessment of molecularly imprinted polymers for selective removal of diclofenac from wastewater by laboratory and pilot-scale adsorption tests
Anno: 2024
Rivista: JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
Autori/autrici: Parlapiano, Marco; Foglia, Alessia; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Pisani, Michela; Astolfi, Paola; Mezzelani, Marica; Gorbi, Stefania; Akyol, Çağrı; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/329513
Citazioni:
Assessment of molecularly imprinted polymers for selective removal of diclofenac from wastewater by laboratory and pilot-scale adsorption tests / Parlapiano, Marco; Foglia, Alessia; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Pisani, Michela; Astolfi, Paola; Mezzelani, Marica; Gorbi, Stefania; Akyol, Çağrı; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco. - In: JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING. - ISSN 2214-7144. - 63:(2024). [10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105467]
Abstract:
This study investigated the potential of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) to integrate schemes for wastewater reuse and to serve as effective adsorbent for the removal of a target emerging contaminant (i.e., diclofenac – DCF), after or within pilot scale anaerobic biological treatments. Batch... tests were performed to evaluate the effect on DCF removal during anaerobic biological processes by enriching activated sludge of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor (TSS =19.6 g/L), and an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) (TSS = 120 mg/L) reactors with MIPs (3 mg/L). Therefore, tertiary treatments were investigated by columns adsorption tests that were performed first at lab scale using DCF (15 mg/L) solution in deionized water, and then in-site by treating the anaerobic permeate effluent from the AnMBR at pilot scale level (DCF 500 μg/L). Clogging or blockage of the column bed was not observed during these field tests, where the saturation process of MIPs was slower compared to laboratory tests that used deionized water. In addition, the empirical Thomas Model, Yoon-Nelson Model, Dose-Response Model and Adam Bohart Model showed very good fittings with the experimental data obtained during experiments performed with both synthetic water and anaerobic effluents showing their suitability for the description of breakthrough curves. Finally, it was observed that after regeneration the MIPs can be efficiently reused since adsorption capacity is sufficiently preserved.
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Sustainable urban wastewater management in a coastal city in wet and dry periods: from combined sewer overflows to wastewater reuse
Anno: 2023
Autori/autrici: De Simoni, L.; Foglia, A.; Bruni, C.; Sgroi, M.; Darvini, G.; Carini, C.; Eusebi, A. L.; Fatone, F.
Classificazione IRIS: 4.2 Abstract in Atti di convegno
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/340858
Citazioni:
Sustainable urban wastewater management in a coastal city in wet and dry periods: from combined sewer overflows to wastewater reuse / De Simoni, L.; Foglia, A.; Bruni, C.; Sgroi, M.; Darvini, G.; Carini, C.; Eusebi, A. L.; Fatone, F.. - (2023).

Development of methodologies and tools of risk assessment for wastewater and stormwater reuse
Anno: 2023
Autori/autrici: De Simoni, L.; Radini, S.; Foglia, A.; Sgroi, M.; Magna, D. J.; Szelag, B.; Kiczko, A.; Eusebi, A. L.; Fatone, F.
Classificazione IRIS: 4.2 Abstract in Atti di convegno
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/340855
Citazioni:
Development of methodologies and tools of risk assessment for wastewater and stormwater reuse / De Simoni, L.; Radini, S.; Foglia, A.; Sgroi, M.; Magna, D. J.; Szelag, B.; Kiczko, A.; Eusebi, A. L.; Fatone, F.. - (2023).

Transforming wastewater treatment plants into reclaimed water facilities in water-unbalanced regions. An overview of possibilities and recommendations focusing on the Italian case
Anno: 2023
Rivista: JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Autori/autrici: Foglia, Alessia; Radini, Serena; Gonzalez-Camejo, Josué; Li, Kan; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/314648
Citazioni:
Transforming wastewater treatment plants into reclaimed water facilities in water-unbalanced regions. An overview of possibilities and recommendations focusing on the Italian case / Foglia, Alessia; Radini, Serena; Gonzalez-Camejo, Josué; Li, Kan; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco. - In: JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION. - ISSN 0959-6526. - 410:(2023). [10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137264]
Abstract:
Water scarcity is one of the most challenging topics to cope currently, especially in the regions most affected by climate change such as the Mediterranean basin. The implementation of safe water reuse practices thus appears essential to satisfy future water demands in a sustainable way, helping to ...reduce hydric stress in water-unbalanced regions. However, it remains as an underused practice because of the lack of incentives of water companies to invest in it, limited social trust and high governance complexity, amongst other factors. To change this situation, the wastewater sector needs to develop some structural changes that include the transformation of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into novel reclaimed water facilities (RWF), as well as some paradigm shifts regarding social, political and legal factors. The goal of this manuscript is to provide a systemic, novel and updated vision of the wastewater treatment sector in Italy and to give some recommendations for the implementation of wastewater reuse in agriculture. Extensive data regarding water reuse technologies for the refining, disinfection and advanced oxidation of wastewater is also provided. This comprehensive analysis could help to align the objectives to be achieved from all the perspectives (technical, economic, legal and socio-political), thus helping to fill current gaps and overcome barriers that hinder water reuse development.
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Polyethylene pipes exposed to chlorine dioxide in drinking water supply system: A critical review of degradation mechanisms and accelerated aging methods
Anno: 2023
Rivista: WATER RESEARCH
Autori/autrici: Lancioni, Nicola; Parlapiano, Marco; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Giorgi, Luca; Fusi, Vieri; Darvini, Giovanna; Soldini, Luciano; Szeląg, Bartosz; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/314649
Citazioni:
Polyethylene pipes exposed to chlorine dioxide in drinking water supply system: A critical review of degradation mechanisms and accelerated aging methods / Lancioni, Nicola; Parlapiano, Marco; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Giorgi, Luca; Fusi, Vieri; Darvini, Giovanna; Soldini, Luciano; Szeląg, Bartosz; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco. - In: WATER RESEARCH. - ISSN 0043-1354. - 238:(2023). [10.1016/j.watres.2023.120030]
Abstract:
Polyethylene (PE) pipes have been widely used in drinking water distribution systems across the world. In many cases, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is used to maintain a residual disinfectant concentration in potable water. Practical experiences have shown that the lifetime of PE pipes is significantly re...duced due to exposure to drinking water with ClO2. Recently, many companies have proposed new PE pipes with a modified formulation, which are more resistant to chlorine dioxide. However, a standardized test method for evaluating the long-term performances of PE pipes is still missing. This literature review was performed to provide a description of chlorine dioxide uses and degradation mechanisms of polyethylene pipes in real water distribution systems. Current accelerated aging methods to evaluate long-term performances of PE pipes exposed to ClO2 are described and discussed along with the common technics used to characterize the specimens. Accelerate aging methods can be distinguished in immersion aging tests and pressurized pipe loop tests. Wide ranges of operational conditions (chlorine dioxide concentration, water pressure, water temperature, etc.) are applied, resulting in a great variety of results. It was concluded that pressurized looping tests applying semi-realistic operational conditions could better replicate the aging mechanisms occurring in service. Despite this, the acceleration and the evaluation of the long-term performance are still difficult to determine precisely. Further experimentation is needed to correlate chemical-mechanical characterization parameters of PE pipes with their lifetime in service.
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Removal of ammonium from wastewater by zeolite synthetized from volcanic ash: Batch and column tests
Anno: 2022
Rivista: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Autori/autrici: Gagliano, Erica; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Falciglia, Pietro Paolo; Belviso, Claudia; Cavalcante, Francesco; Lettino, Antonio; Vagliasindi, Federico G. A.; Roccaro, Paolo
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297390
Citazioni:
Removal of ammonium from wastewater by zeolite synthetized from volcanic ash: Batch and column tests / Gagliano, Erica; Sgroi, Massimiliano; Falciglia, Pietro Paolo; Belviso, Claudia; Cavalcante, Francesco; Lettino, Antonio; Vagliasindi, Federico G. A.; Roccaro, Paolo. - In: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. - ISSN 2213-3437. - ELETTRONICO. - 10:3(2022), p. 107539. [10.1016/j.jece.2022.107539]

Comparison of AOPs at pilot scale: Energy costs for micro-pollutants oxidation, disinfection by-products formation and pathogens inactivation
Anno: 2021
Rivista: CHEMOSPHERE
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Snyder, S. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297392
Citazioni:
Comparison of AOPs at pilot scale: Energy costs for micro-pollutants oxidation, disinfection by-products formation and pathogens inactivation / Sgroi, M.; Snyder, S. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: CHEMOSPHERE. - ISSN 0045-6535. - ELETTRONICO. - 273:(2021). [10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128527]
Abstract:
This work evaluated different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) operated at pilot-scale as tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater in terms of energy efficiency, disinfection by-products formation and pathogens inactivation. Investigated AOPs included UV/H2O2, UV/Cl2, O3, O3/UV, H2O2/O3/UV, Cl2.../O3/UV. AOPs were operated using various ozone doses (1.5–9 mg L−1), and UV fluences (191–981 mJ cm−2). Electrical energy costs necessary for the oxidation of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) (i.e., carbamazepine, fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, primidone, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim) were calculated using the electrical energy per order (EEO) parameter. Ozonation resulted by far the most energy efficient process, whereas UV/H2O2 and UV/Cl2 showed the highest energy costs. Energy costs for AOPs based on the combination of UV and ozone were in the order O3/UV ≈ Cl2/O3/UV > H2O2/O3/UV, and they were significantly lower than energy costs of UV/H2O2 and UV/Cl2 processes. Cl2/O3/UV increased bromate formation, O3/UV and O3 had same levels of bromate formation, whereas H2O2/O3/UV did not form bromate. In addition, UV photolysis resulted an effective treatment for NDMA mitigation even in combination with ozone and chlorine in AOP technologies. Ozonation (doses of 1.5–6 mg L−1) was the least effective process to inactivate somatic coliphages, total coliform, escherichia coli, and enterococci. UV irradiation was able to completely inactivate somatic coliphages, total coliform, escherichia coli at low fluence (191 mJ cm−2), whereas enterococci were UV resistant. AOPs that utilized UV irradiation were the most effective processes for wastewater disinfection resulting in a complete inactivation of selected indicator organisms by low ozone dose (1.5 mg L−1) and UV fluence (191–465 mJ cm−2).
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Comparison of the new Cl2/O3/UV process with different ozone- and UV-based AOPs for wastewater treatment at pilot scale: Removal of pharmaceuticals and changes in fluorescing organic matter
Anno: 2021
Rivista: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Anumol, T.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Snyder, S. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297397
Citazioni:
Comparison of the new Cl2/O3/UV process with different ozone- and UV-based AOPs for wastewater treatment at pilot scale: Removal of pharmaceuticals and changes in fluorescing organic matter / Sgroi, M.; Anumol, T.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Snyder, S. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. - ISSN 0048-9697. - ELETTRONICO. - 765:(2021). [10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142720]
Abstract:
This work critically compared the removal of fluorescing PARAFAC components and selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, primidone, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim) from a tertiary wastewater effluent by different UV- and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) operat...ed at pilot-scale. Investigated AOPs included UV/H2O2, UV/Cl2, O3, O3/UV, H2O2/O3/UV, and the new Cl2/O3/UV. AOPs comparison was accomplished using various ozone doses (0–9 mg/L), UV fluences (191–981 mJ/cm2) and radical promoter concentrations of Cl2 = 0.04 mM and H2O2 = 0.29 mM. Chlorine-based AOPs produced radical species that reacted more selectively with pharmaceuticals than radical species and oxidants generated by other AOPs. Tryptophan-like substances and humic-like fluorescing compounds were the most degraded components by all AOPs, which were better removed than microbial products and fulvic-like fluorescing substances. Removal of UV absorbance at 254 (UV254) nm was always low. Overall, chlorine-based AOPs were more effective to reduce fluorescence intensities than similar H2O2-based AOPs. The Cl2/O3/UV process was the most effective AOP to degrade all target micro-pollutants except primidone. On the other hand, the oxidation performance of pharmaceuticals by other ozone-based AOPs followed the order H2O2/O3/UV > O3/UV > O3. UV/Cl2 process outcompeted UV/H2O2 only for the removal of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Correlations between the removal of pharmaceuticals and spectroscopic indexes (PARAFAC components and UV254) had unique regression parameters for each compound, surrogate parameter and oxidation process. Particularly, a diverse PARAFAC component for each investigated AOP resulted to be the most sensitive surrogate parameter able to monitor small changes of pharmaceuticals removal.
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Synthesis of zeolite from volcanic ash: Characterization and application for cesium removal
Anno: 2021
Rivista: MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
Autori/autrici: Belviso, C.; Abdolrahimi, M.; Peddis, D.; Gagliano, E.; Sgroi, M.; Lettino, A.; Roccaro, P.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Falciglia, P. P.; Di Bella, G.; Giustra, M. G.; Cavalcante, F.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297396
Citazioni:
Synthesis of zeolite from volcanic ash: Characterization and application for cesium removal / Belviso, C.; Abdolrahimi, M.; Peddis, D.; Gagliano, E.; Sgroi, M.; Lettino, A.; Roccaro, P.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Falciglia, P. P.; Di Bella, G.; Giustra, M. G.; Cavalcante, F.. - In: MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS. - ISSN 1387-1811. - ELETTRONICO. - 319:(2021), p. 111045. [10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111045]
Abstract:
Mt. Etna, the largest volcano in Europe, is periodically interested by intensive eruption activity sometimes causing environmental problems for the neighbouring urban areas such as Catania. The volcanic ash deposited on the roads is classified as waste (code 20 03 03 – municipal waste from Europea...n Waste Catalogue - EWC). In this work, with the aim to transform waste materials into useful product, two samples of ashes resulting from different explosive activities were treated by hydrothermal aging with distilled water and seawater. The results showed that the hydrothermal process determined mineralogical and magnetic changes in volcanic ashes. The data in fact indicated that X-type zeolite and sodalite were formed at 45, 60 and 70 °C of aging temperature. Moreover, magnetic characterization suggests an evolution of ferromagnetic materials to antiferromagnetic ones during zeolite formation. The presence of these new magnetic phases was responsible for the variety of magnetic behaviour. The applicability of obtained zeolite as novel adsorbent material in the field of water treatment was also evaluated. Batch adsorption experiments were carried to assert the adsorption capacity of novel synthetized zeolite in removing cesium ions from aqueous solutions thus confirming a possible End-of-Waste alternative.
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Water–energy–food–climate nexus in an integrated peri‐urban wastewater treatment and reuse system: From theory to practice
Anno: 2021
Rivista: SUSTAINABILITY
Autori/autrici: Marinelli, E.; Radini, S.; Akyol, C.; Sgroi, M.; Eusebi, A. L.; Bischetti, G. B.; Mancini, A.; Fatone, F.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297384
Citazioni:
Water–energy–food–climate nexus in an integrated peri‐urban wastewater treatment and reuse system: From theory to practice / Marinelli, E.; Radini, S.; Akyol, C.; Sgroi, M.; Eusebi, A. L.; Bischetti, G. B.; Mancini, A.; Fatone, F.. - In: SUSTAINABILITY. - ISSN 2071-1050. - 13:19(2021). [10.3390/su131910952]
Abstract:
This paper develops a framework for the identification, assessment and analysis of the water reuse–carbon–energy–food–climatic (WEFC) nexus in an integrated peri‐urban wastewater treatment and reuse system. This methodology was applied to the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of ...Peschiera Borromeo (Milan, Italy) and its peri‐urban district to define the most possible affirmations and conflicts following the EU regulations 741/2020. Results of this work showed that transferring the WEFC nexus from theory to practice can realize sustainable resource management in the operating environment by providing a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, overall energy savings, reduction in water stress and optimization of agricultural prac-tices. Particularly, it was found that if the plant configuration is upgraded to reach water quality class C for water reuse, instead of wastewater discharge, energy savings are estimated to reach up to 7.1% and carbon emissions are supposed to be reduced up to 2.7%. In addition, enhancing water quality from class C to class A resulted in increments in energy and carbon footprint of 5.7% and 1.7%, respectively. Nevertheless, higher quality crops can be cultivated with reclaimed water in class A, with bigger economic revenues and high recovery of nutrients (e.g., recovery of 154450 kg N/y for tomato cultivation).
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Absorbance and EEM fluorescence of wastewater: Effects of filters, storage conditions, and chlorination
Anno: 2020
Rivista: CHEMOSPHERE
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Gagliano, E.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297402
Citazioni:
Absorbance and EEM fluorescence of wastewater: Effects of filters, storage conditions, and chlorination / Sgroi, M.; Gagliano, E.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: CHEMOSPHERE. - ISSN 0045-6535. - 243:(2020), p. 125292. [10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125292]
Abstract:
Aim of this study was to delineate sample handling procedures for accurate fluorescence and UV absorbance measurements of wastewater organic matter. Investigations were performed using different wastewater qualities, including primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater effluents, and a wastewater-im...pacted surface water. Filtration by 0.7 μm glass microfiber filter, 0.45 μm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, 0.45 μm cellulose nitrate membrane, and 0.45 μm polyethersulfone (PES) syringe filter released manufacture impurities in water that affected fluorescence measurements. However, pre-washing of filter by Milli-Q water was able to eliminate these interferences. Different storage conditions were tested, including storage of filtered and unfiltered samples under different temperatures (25 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C). According to the obtained results, the best practice of wastewater samples preservation was sample filtration at 0.7/0.45 μm immediately after collection followed by storage at 4 °C. However, the time of storage that assured changes of these spectroscopic measurements that do not exceed the 10% of the original value was dependent on water quality and selected wavelengths (i.e., selected fluorescing organic matter component). As a general rule, it is advisable to perform fluorescence and UV absorbance measurements as soon as possible after collection avoiding storage times of filtered water longer than 2 days. Finally, addition of chlorine doses typical for wastewater disinfection mainly affected tryptophan-like components, where changes that exceed the 10% of the fluorescence intensity measured in the unchlorinated sample were observed even at very low doses (≥1 mg/L). On the contrary, tyrosine-like and humic-like components showed changes <10% at chlorine doses of 0.5–5 mg/L.
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Removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water by adsorption: Role of PFAS chain length, effect of organic matter and challenges in adsorbent regeneration
Anno: 2020
Rivista: WATER RESEARCH
Autori/autrici: Gagliano, E.; Sgroi, M.; Falciglia, P. P.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297401
Citazioni:
Removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water by adsorption: Role of PFAS chain length, effect of organic matter and challenges in adsorbent regeneration / Gagliano, E.; Sgroi, M.; Falciglia, P. P.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: WATER RESEARCH. - ISSN 0043-1354. - ELETTRONICO. - 171:(2020). [10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381]
Abstract:
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a wide group of environmentally persistent organic compounds of industrial origin, which are of great concern due to their harmful impact on human health and ecosystems. Amongst long-chain PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic... acid (PFOS) are the most detected in the aquatic environment, even though their use has been limited by recent regulations. Recently, more attention has been posed on the short-chain compounds, due to their use as an alternative to long-chain ones, and to their high mobility in the water bodies. Therefore, short-chain PFAS have been increasingly detected in the environmental compartments. The main process investigated and implemented for PFAS removal is adsorption. However, to date, most adsorption studies have focused on synthetic water. The main objective of this article is to provide a critical review of the recent peer-reviewed studies on the removal of long- and short-chain PFAS by adsorption. Specific objectives are to review 1) the performance of different adsorbents for both long- and short-chain PFAS, 2) the effect of organic matter, and 3) the adsorbent regeneration techniques. Strong anion-exchange resins seem to better remove both long- and short-chain PFAS. However, the adsorption capacity of short-chain PFAS is lower than that observed for long-chain PFAS. Therefore, short-chain PFAS removal is more challenging. Furthermore, the effect of organic matter on PFAS adsorption in water or wastewater under real environmental conditions is overlooked. In most studies high PFAS levels have been often investigated without organic matter presence. The rapid breakthrough of PFAS is also a limiting factor and the regeneration of PFAS exhausted adsorbents is very challenging and needs more research.
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Inner filter effect, suspended solids and nitrite/nitrate interferences in fluorescence measurements of wastewater organic matter
Anno: 2020
Rivista: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Gagliano, E.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297399
Citazioni:
Inner filter effect, suspended solids and nitrite/nitrate interferences in fluorescence measurements of wastewater organic matter / Sgroi, M.; Gagliano, E.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. - ISSN 0048-9697. - 711:(2020), p. 134663. [10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134663]
Abstract:
In this study, it was assessed the effectiveness to correct for inner filter effect (IFE) the fluorescence spectra of several wastewaters (i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater effluents) and wastewater-impacted surface waters using a common method based on UV absorbance measurements. In ...samples of secondary/tertiary wastewater effluents and surface waters, IFE was severe at excitation wavelengths <240 nm, and it was low (4–11%) at excitation wavelengths >340 nm. On the contrary, IFE has always been significant in primary wastewater effluents. After IFE correction, linear relationship was observed between fluorescence and absorbance in dilution series across the full excitation-emission matrix (EEM), although some distortions were still present. Particularly, experimental data showed the presence of static/dynamic quenching of fluorescence due to nitrite/nitrate, which cannot be corrected by IFE correction methods. Indeed, after addition of different nitrate/nitrite concentrations in wastewater (3–40 mg/L as N), the estimated static/dynamic quenching error (QE) after IFE correction was often >20% for tyrosine and tryptophan-like fluorescence measured at excitation <240 nm. However, the QE was low (<5–10%) for fluorescence measured at excitation >240 nm. Overall, the QE increased with the increase of nitrite/nitrate concentration in wastewater. Total suspended solids (TSS) (i.e., particulate organic matter) in water produced intense fluorescence peaks in the tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like region of EEM, and TSS increased the absorbance values at all the excitation wavelengths of the UV–visible absorption spectra in unfiltered samples compared to 0.7 μm filtered samples. On the contrary, tertiary effluents employing full scale sand filtration (TSS < 2–4 mg/l) had similar UV absorbance and fluorescence spectra to 0.7 μm filtered samples. Finally, it was observed that uncorrected fluorescence intensities in the humic-like region of EEM were similar in both filtered and unfiltered samples, and it was independent of TSS concentration, dilution factor and water quality.
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Data on the effects of filters, storage conditions, and chlorination in fluorescence and absorbance wastewater measurements
Anno: 2020
Rivista: DATA IN BRIEF
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Gagliano, E.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297403
Citazioni:
Data on the effects of filters, storage conditions, and chlorination in fluorescence and absorbance wastewater measurements / Sgroi, M.; Gagliano, E.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: DATA IN BRIEF. - ISSN 2352-3409. - ELETTRONICO. - 28:(2020), p. 105099. [10.1016/j.dib.2019.105099]
Abstract:
Data presented in this data article show artifacts (bias and error) that influence fluorescence measurement of dissolved organic matter (DOM) due to samples handling and storage. Data show interferences in fluorescence measurements related to filtration of water by different filter materials, includ...ing 0.7 μm glass microfiber filter, 0.45 μm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, 0.45 μm cellulose nitrate membrane, and 0.45 μm polyethersulfone (PES) syringe filter. Data show also changes of several fluorescence indexes and UV absorbance measurements of wastewater organic matter respect to time under different storage conditions. Particularly, spectroscopic data were acquired using 0.7 μm filtered and unfiltered wastewater samples stored at different temperatures (i.e, room temperature, 4 °C, −20 °C) over a testing period of 21 days. Finally, data show the effect of chlorine disinfection (doses of 0.5–8 mg/L) in fluorescence measurements accomplished in samples from two secondary wastewater effluents. Data of this article are related to the publication “M. Sgroi, E. Gagliano, F.G.A. Vagliasindi, P. Roccaro, Absorbance and EEM fluorescence of wastewater: effects of filters, storage conditions, and chlorination, Chemosphere, 243, 2020, 125292 [1]”. Raw data are available in a public repository (https://doi.org/10.17632/pf86xs7ybk.1).
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Data on the inner filter effect, suspended solids and nitrate interferences in fluorescence measurements of wastewater organic matter
Anno: 2020
Rivista: DATA IN BRIEF
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Gagliano, E.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297404
Citazioni:
Data on the inner filter effect, suspended solids and nitrate interferences in fluorescence measurements of wastewater organic matter / Sgroi, M.; Gagliano, E.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: DATA IN BRIEF. - ISSN 2352-3409. - 28:(2020), p. 104869. [10.1016/j.dib.2019.104869]
Abstract:
Data presented in this article show the extent of the inner filter effect (IFE) in fluorescence measurements of wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface water samples. Particularly, data show the effectiveness of a commonly used method for IFE correction based on UV absorbance measurement to reins...tate the linearity of the relationship between fluorescence intensities and absorbance values. Data report also the effect of nitrates in fluorescence measurements of wastewater samples. Finally, data presented in this work show the effect of total suspended solids (TSS) in the UV absorbance and fluorescence measurements of different waters. Particularly, data describe the TSS effect in fluorescence intensities acquired at different pairs of excitation-emission wavelengths, and in waters with different TSS concentration. Data of this article are related to the publication “M. Sgroi, E. Gagliano, F.G.A. Vagliasindi, P. Roccaro, Inner filter effect, suspended solids and nitrite/nitrate interferences in fluorescence measurements of wastewater organic matter, Sci. Total Environ., In press” [1]. Raw data are available in a public repository (https://doi.org/10.17632/4zss49jycj.1).
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N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and its precursors in water and wastewater: A review on formation and removal
Anno: 2018
Rivista: CHEMOSPHERE
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Snyder, S. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297410
Citazioni:
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and its precursors in water and wastewater: A review on formation and removal / Sgroi, M.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Snyder, S. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: CHEMOSPHERE. - ISSN 0045-6535. - ELETTRONICO. - 191:(2018), pp. 685-703. [10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.089]
Abstract:
This review summarizes major findings over the last decade related to N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water and wastewater. In particular, the review is focused on the removal of NDMA and of its precursors by conventional and advanced water and wastewater treatment processes. New information regard...ing formation mechanisms and precursors are discussed as well. NDMA precursors are generally of anthropogenic origin and their main source in water have been recognized to be wastewater discharges. Chloramination is the most common process that results in formation of NDMA during water and wastewater treatment. However, ozonation of wastewater or highly contaminated surface water can also generate significant levels of NDMA. Thus, NDMA formation control and remediation has become of increasing interest, particularly during treatment of wastewater-impacted water and during potable reuse application. NDMA formation has also been associated with the use of quaternary amine-based coagulants and anion exchange resins. UV photolysis with UV fluence far higher than typical disinfection doses is generally considered the most efficient technology for NDMA mitigation. However, recent studies on the optimization of biological processes offer a potentially lower-energy solution. Options for NDMA control include attenuation of precursor materials through physical removal, biological treatment, and/or deactivation by application of oxidants. Nevertheless, NDMA precursor identification and removal can be challenging and additional research and optimization is needed. As municipal wastewater becomes increasingly used as a source water for drinking, NDMA formation and mitigation strategies will become increasingly more important. The following review provides a summary of the most recent information available.
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Removal of organic carbon, nitrogen, emerging contaminants and fluorescing organic matter in different constructed wetland configurations
Anno: 2018
Rivista: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Pelissari, C.; Roccaro, P.; Sezerino, P. H.; Garcia, J.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Avila, C.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297409
Citazioni:
Removal of organic carbon, nitrogen, emerging contaminants and fluorescing organic matter in different constructed wetland configurations / Sgroi, M.; Pelissari, C.; Roccaro, P.; Sezerino, P. H.; Garcia, J.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Avila, C.. - In: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL. - ISSN 1385-8947. - ELETTRONICO. - 332:(2018), pp. 619-627. [10.1016/j.cej.2017.09.122]
Abstract:
The elimination of organic carbon, nitrogen, five emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and fluorescence signature was evaluated in two treatment lines comprising different constructed wetland (CW) configurations: (i) partially saturated vertical subsurface flow (SVF) wetland (treatment line 1) and (...ii) unsaturated vertical subsurface flow (UVF), horizontal subsurface flow (HF) and free water surface (FWS) wetlands in series (treatment line 2). Results showed important differences between the different CW configurations. The highest removal of BOD5 (81%), COD (67%), TOC (72%) and fluorescing organic matter were observed in the UVF wetland, whereas the HF and FWS wetlands were the most efficient units for total nitrogen removal (60 and 69%, respectively). The SVF wetland showed a greater performance in the reduction of total nitrogen than the UVF bed (52 vs. 35%). In addition, the SVF wetland exhibited a higher removal of the EOCs caffeine (95 vs. 90%), trimethoprim (99 vs. 87%) and sulfamethoxazole (64 vs. 4%), as opposed to DEET (34 vs. 63%), whose removal was superior in the UVF unit. Sucralose was negligibly removed in all the CWs. PARAFAC analysis of fluorescence measurements revealed that the proteinaceous tryptophan-like fluorescent component was the most highly removed one in all the investigated CWs (>28%) and, particularly, in the UVF wetland (66%), whereas humic and fulvic-like components resulted recalcitrant to decomposition. Increases of fluorescence intensities were often observed for fulvic-like substances in CWs operating with saturation of the bed, and these were particularly relevant in the SVF unit. Finally, important correlations (r > 0.7) between the tryptophan-like fluorescent component and the wastewater quality parameters COD and BOD5 suggest fluorescence spectroscopy as an useful monitoring tool for water treatment efficiency in CW systems.
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Feasibility, sustainability and circular economy concepts in water reuse
Anno: 2018
Rivista: CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297408
Citazioni:
Feasibility, sustainability and circular economy concepts in water reuse / Sgroi, M.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Roccaro, P.. - In: CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH. - ISSN 2468-5844. - 2:(2018), pp. 20-25. [10.1016/j.coesh.2018.01.004]
Abstract:
This review examines the feasibility and sustainability in wastewater reuse. Prior research has shown the need of changes in water utilization patterns, including the establishment of water reuse, to shift towards an efficient and sustainable water use. Nevertheless, the characteristics of local wat...er markets have often determined the feasibility of water reuse systems, and economics have resulted in the major barriers to an actual development of water reuse. A Holistic Approach that takes into account all the reuse factors (political, decisional, social, economic, technological and environmental factors) is needed for a sustainable water reuse implementation. New policies based on circular-economy concept may lead to a “paradigm shift” that starting from the principle of segregation at source could establish a more sustainable model in wastewater management with an enhanced resource recovery.
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Spectroscopic surrogates for real time monitoring of water quality in wastewater treatment and water reuse
Anno: 2018
Rivista: CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH
Autori/autrici: Korshin, G. V.; Sgroi, M.; Ratnaweera, H.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297407
Citazioni:
Spectroscopic surrogates for real time monitoring of water quality in wastewater treatment and water reuse / Korshin, G. V.; Sgroi, M.; Ratnaweera, H.. - In: CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH. - ISSN 2468-5844. - 2:(2018), pp. 12-19. [10.1016/j.coesh.2017.11.003]
Abstract:
This review examines the potential of spectroscopic methods in online and real time water quality monitoring. Extensive research has shown that measurements of changes of absorbance and fluorescence of wastewater and drinking water during its treatment are predictive of the reduction of levels of tr...ace-level organic contaminants (TrOC) or pathogens. Changes of water fluorescence and absorbance are also correlated with the formation of bromate, biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and products of the oxidation of TrOC or dissolved organic matter (DOM). The review concludes that the current level of the development and implementation of spectroscopic methods for online/real time water quality monitoring is far from its real potential.
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Modeling emerging contaminants breakthrough in packed bed adsorption columns by UV absorbance and fluorescing components of dissolved organic matter
Anno: 2018
Rivista: WATER RESEARCH
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Anumol, T.; Roccaro, P.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Snyder, S. A.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297406
Citazioni:
Modeling emerging contaminants breakthrough in packed bed adsorption columns by UV absorbance and fluorescing components of dissolved organic matter / Sgroi, M.; Anumol, T.; Roccaro, P.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Snyder, S. A.. - In: WATER RESEARCH. - ISSN 0043-1354. - ELETTRONICO. - 145:(2018), pp. 667-677. [10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.018]
Abstract:
This study investigated, using rapid small-scale column testing, the breakthrough of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and eleven emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) during granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration of different water qualities, including wastewater, surface water and synthetic water ...(riverine organic matter dissolved in deionized water). Fluorescing organic matter was better adsorbed than UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in all tested water. Furthermore, highest adsorption of DOM (in terms of DOC, UV254 and fluorescence) was observed during wastewater filtration. UV absorbing DOM had fast and similar breakthrough in surface water and synthetic water, whereas fluorescence breakthrough was very rapid only in synthetic water. PARAFAC modeling showed that different fluorescing components were differently adsorbed during GAC process. Particularly, fluorescing components with maxima intensity at higher excitation wavelengths, which are corresponding to humic-like fluorescence substances, were better removed than other components in all waters. As opposed to DOM, EOCs were better adsorbed during synthetic water filtration, whereas the fastest EOCs breakthrough was observed during filtration of wastewater, which was the water that determined the highest carbon fouling. Exception was represented by long-chained perfluoroalkylated substances (i.e., PFOA, PFDA and PFOS). Indeed, adsorption of these compounds resulted independent of water quality. In this study was also investigated the applicability of UV254 and fluorescing PARAFAC components to act as surrogates in predicting EOCs removal by GAC in different water matrices. Empirical linear correlation for the investigated EOCs were determined with UV254 and fluorescing components in all water qualities. However, fluorescence measurements resulted more sensitive than UV254 to predict EOC breakthrough during GAC adsorption. When the data from all water qualities was combined, good correlations between the microbial humic-like PARAFAC component and EOC removals were still observed and they resulted independent of water quality if considering only real water matrices (wastewater and surface water). On the contrary, correlations between EOC removals and UV254 removals were independent of water quality when combining data of surface waters and synthetic water, but a different correlation model was needed to predict EOCs breakthrough in wastewater.
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Removal of conventional water quality parameters, emerging contaminants and fluorescing organic matter in a hybrid constructed wetland system
Anno: 2017
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Pelissari, C.; Avila, C.; Sezerino, P. H.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Garcia, J.; Roccaro, P.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 2.1 Contributo in volume (Capitolo o Saggio)
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297414
Citazioni:
Removal of conventional water quality parameters, emerging contaminants and fluorescing organic matter in a hybrid constructed wetland system / Sgroi, M.; Pelissari, C.; Avila, C.; Sezerino, P. H.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.; Garcia, J.; Roccaro, P.. - 4:(2017), pp. 313-317. [10.1007/978-3-319-58421-8_50]
Abstract:
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based wastewater treatment systems, which are often implemented in decentralized areas and small communities. In recent decades, the CW technology has rapidly evolved through the use of various designs and operational modes or other intensifications so as to imp...rove effluent water quality with respect to various pollutants from wastewater. In the present study, the removal of conventional water quality parameters, emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and fluorescence signature was investigated in a hybrid constructed wetland system comprising different CW configurations: (i) unsaturated vertical subsurface flow (VF), (ii) partial saturated vertical subsurface flow (VF sat), (iii) saturated horizontal flow (HF) and (iv) free water surface (FWS) wetlands. The obtained results showed higher removal of BOD5, COD and fluorescing organic matter in the aerobic VF reactor, whereas the anoxic HF wetland was the most efficient unit for nitrogen removal. The partially saturated VF wetland showed a greater performance in the reduction of nitrogen and highly biodegradable EOCs than the unsaturated VF bed. Finally, linear regression analyses performed between removal of water quality parameters, EOCs and fluorescence measurements suggested the possibility to use fluorescence indexes as useful indicators of water treatment efficacy and/or surrogate parameters for EOCs monitoring.
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Monitoring the Behavior of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater-Impacted Rivers Based on the Use of Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrixes (EEM)
Anno: 2017
Rivista: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Korshin, G. V.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297411
Citazioni:
Monitoring the Behavior of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater-Impacted Rivers Based on the Use of Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrixes (EEM) / Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Korshin, G. V.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.. - In: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. - ISSN 0013-936X. - ELETTRONICO. - 51:8(2017), pp. 4306-4316. [10.1021/acs.est.6b05785]
Abstract:
This study investigated the applicability of fluorescence indexes based on the interpretation of excitation emission matrices (EEMs) by PARAFAC analysis and by selecting fluorescence intensities at a priori defined excitation/emission pairs as surrogates for monitoring the behavior of emerging organ...ic compounds (EOCs) in two catchment basins impacted by wastewater discharges. Relevant EOC and EEM data were obtained for a 90 km stretch of the Simeto River, the main river in Sicily, and the smaller San Leonardo River, which was investigated for a 17 km stretch. The use of fluorescence indexes developed by these two different approaches resulted in similar observations. Changes of the fluorescence indexes that correspond to a group of humic-like fluorescing species were determined to be highly correlated with the concentrations of recalcitrant contaminants such as sucralose, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine, which are typical wastewater markers in river water. Changes of the fluorescence indexes related to tyrosine-like substances were well correlated with the concentrations of ibuprofen and caffeine, anthropogenic indicators of untreated wastewater discharges. Chemical oxygen demand and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were correlated with humic-like fluorescence indexes. The observed correlations were site-specific and characterized by different regression parameters for every collection event. Caffeine and carbamazepine showed correlations with florescence indexes in the San Leonardo River and in the alluvial plain stretch of the Simeto River, whereas sucralose, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen have always been well correlated in all the investigated river stretches. However, when data of different collection events from river stretches where correlations were observed were combined, good linear correlations were obtained for data sets generated via the normalization of the measured concentrations by the average value for the corresponding collection event. These results show that fluorescence based indexes can be used to monitor the behavior of some trace organic contaminants in wastewater impacted rivers and to track wastewater discharges in streams and rivers.
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Enhancement of total nitrogen removal through effluent recirculation and fate of PPCPs in a hybrid constructed wetland system treating urban wastewater
Anno: 2017
Rivista: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autori/autrici: Avila, C.; Pelissari, C.; Sezerino, P. H.; Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Garcia, J.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297412
Citazioni:
Enhancement of total nitrogen removal through effluent recirculation and fate of PPCPs in a hybrid constructed wetland system treating urban wastewater / Avila, C.; Pelissari, C.; Sezerino, P. H.; Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Garcia, J.. - In: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. - ISSN 0048-9697. - 584-585:(2017), pp. 414-425. [10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.024]
Abstract:
The effect of effluent recirculation on the removal of total nitrogen (TN) and eight pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) was evaluated during 9 months in an experimental hybrid constructed wetland (CW) system applied in the treatment of urban wastewater. An Imhoff tank was followed b...y three stages of CWs (two 1.5-m2 vertical subsurface flow (VF) beds alternating feed-rest cycles, a 2-m2 horizontal (HF) and a 2-m2 free water surface (FWS) wetland in series). A fraction of the final effluent was recycled back to the Imhoff tank with a recirculation rate of 50% (hydraulic loading rate = 0.37 m d− 1). The system's performance varied throughout the study. In Period I (summer) consistently high load removal efficiencies of TN (89 ± 5%) and a removal rate of 6.6 ± 1.4 g TN m− 2 d− 1 were exhibited. In Period II (fall), the poor performance of the FWS during the senescence of macrophytes caused a large increase in organic matter, solids and nutrient concentrations, drastically deteriorating water quality. The determination of PPCPs was conducted during this period. Recalcitrant compounds, namely sulfamethoxazole, carbamazapine, TCEP and sucralose were negligibly removed in all CWs. However, noteworthy was the ≈ 30% removal of sucralose in the VF wetland. Caffeine (80%) and fluoxetine (27%) showed similar elimination rates in both VF and HF units, whereas trimethoprim and DEET were significantly better removed in the VF than in the HF. The concentration of the four latter compounds showed a severe increase in the FWS, indicating possible desorption from the sediment/biomass during adverse conditions. Harvesting of the aboveground biomass in this unit returned the system's performance back to normality (Period III), achieving 77 ± 7% TN removal despite the winter season, proving effluent recirculation as an effective strategy for TN removal in hybrid CW systems when stringent restrictions are in place.
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Use of fluorescence EEM to monitor the removal of emerging contaminants in full scale wastewater treatment plants
Anno: 2017
Rivista: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Korshin, G. V.; Greco, V.; Sciuto, S.; Anumol, T.; Snyder, S. A.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297413
Citazioni:
Use of fluorescence EEM to monitor the removal of emerging contaminants in full scale wastewater treatment plants / Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Korshin, G. V.; Greco, V.; Sciuto, S.; Anumol, T.; Snyder, S. A.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.. - In: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. - ISSN 0304-3894. - ELETTRONICO. - 323:Pt A(2017), pp. 367-376. [10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.035]
Abstract:
This study investigated the applicability of different techniques for fluorescence excitation/emission matrices data interpretations, including peak-picking method, fluorescence regional integration and PARAFAC modelling, to act as surrogates in predicting emerging trace organic compounds (ETOrCs) r...emoval during conventional wastewater treatments that usually comprise primary and secondary treatments. Results showed that fluorescence indexes developed using alternative methodologies but indicative of a same dissolved organic matter component resulted in similar predictions of the removal of the target compounds. The peak index defined by the excitation/emission wavelength positions (λex/λem) 225/290 nm and related to aromatic proteins and tyrosine-like fluorescence was determined to be a particularly suitable surrogate for monitoring ETOrCs that had very high removal rates (average removal >70%) (i.e., triclosan, caffeine and ibuprofen). The peak index defined by λex/λem = 245/440 nm and the PARAFAC component with wavelength of the maxima λex/λem = 245, 350/450, both identified as humic-like fluorescence, were found remarkably well correlated with ETOrCs such as atenolol, naproxen and gemfibrozil that were moderately removed (51–70% average removal). Finally, the PARAFAC component with wavelength of the maxima λex/λem = <240, 315/380 identified as microbial humic-like fluorescence was the only index correlated with the removal of the antibiotic trimethoprim (average removal 68%).
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N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation during ozonation of wastewater and water treatment polymers
Anno: 2016
Rivista: CHEMOSPHERE
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Oelker, G.; Snyder, S. A.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297415
Citazioni:
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation during ozonation of wastewater and water treatment polymers / Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Oelker, G.; Snyder, S. A.. - In: CHEMOSPHERE. - ISSN 0045-6535. - ELETTRONICO. - 144:(2016), pp. 1618-1623. [10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.023]
Abstract:
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation by ozonation was investigated in the effluents of four different wastewater treatment plants destined for alternative reuse. Very high levels of NDMA formation were observed in wastewaters from treatment plants non operating with biological nitrogen removal. S...elected experiments showed that hydroxyl radical did not have a significant role in NDMA formation during ozonation of wastewater. Furthermore, ozonation of three different polymers used for water treatment, including polyDADMAC, anionic polyacrylamide, and cationic polyacrylamide, spiked in wastewater did not increase the NDMA formation. Effluent organic matter (EfOM) likely reduced the availability of ozone in water able to react with polymers and quenched the produced ·OH radicals which limited polymer degradation and subsequent NDMA production. Excellent correlations were observed between NDMA formation, UV absorbance at 254 nm, and total fluorescence reduction. These data provide evidence that UV and fluorescence surrogates could be used for monitoring and/or controlling NDMA formation during ozonation.
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N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility
Anno: 2015
Rivista: WATER RESEARCH
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Oelker, G. L.; Snyder, S. A.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297416
Citazioni:
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility / Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Oelker, G. L.; Snyder, S. A.. - In: WATER RESEARCH. - ISSN 0043-1354. - ELETTRONICO. - 70:(2015), pp. 174-183. [10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051]
Abstract:
Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviol...et irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/Hinf2/infOinf2/inf), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10ng/L). The presence of Hinf2/infOinf2/inf during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (~22ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/Hinf2/infOinf2/inf degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/Hinf2/infOinf2/inf treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (~20ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled.
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Predicting trace organic compound breakthrough in granular activated carbon using fluorescence and UV absorbance as surrogates
Anno: 2015
Rivista: WATER RESEARCH
Autori/autrici: Anumol, T.; Sgroi, M.; Park, M.; Roccaro, P.; Snyder, S. A.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297417
Citazioni:
Predicting trace organic compound breakthrough in granular activated carbon using fluorescence and UV absorbance as surrogates / Anumol, T.; Sgroi, M.; Park, M.; Roccaro, P.; Snyder, S. A.. - In: WATER RESEARCH. - ISSN 0043-1354. - ELETTRONICO. - 76:(2015), pp. 76-87. [10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.019]
Abstract:
This study investigated the applicability of bulk organic parameters like dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV absorbance at 254nm (UV254), and total fluorescence (TF) to act as surrogates in predicting trace organic compound (TOrC) removal by granular activated carbon in water reuse applications. Usi...ng rapid small-scale column testing, empirical linear correlations for thirteen TOrCs were determined with DOC, UV254, and TF in four wastewater effluents. Linear correlations (R2>0.7) were obtained for eight TOrCs in each water quality in the UV254 model, while ten TOrCs had R2>0.7 in the TF model. Conversely, DOC was shown to be a poor surrogate for TOrC breakthrough prediction. When the data from all four water qualities was combined, good linear correlations were still obtained with TF having higher R2 than UV254 especially for TOrCs with log Dow>1. Excellent linear relationship (R2>0.9) between log Dow and the removal of TOrC at 0% surrogate removal (y-intercept) were obtained for the five neutral TOrCs tested in this study. Positively charged TOrCs had enhanced removals due to electrostatic interactions with negatively charged GAC that caused them to deviate from removals that would be expected with their log Dow. Application of the empirical linear correlation models to full-scale samples provided good results for six of seven TOrCs (except meprobamate) tested when comparing predicted TOrC removal by UV254 and TF with actual removals for GAC in all the five samples tested. Surrogate predictions using UV254 and TF provide valuable tools for rapid or on-line monitoring of GAC performance and can result in cost savings by extended GAC run times as compared to using DOC breakthrough to trigger regeneration or replacement.
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N -nitrosodimethylamine formation upon ozonation and identification of precursors source in a municipal wastewater treatment plant
Anno: 2014
Rivista: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Autori/autrici: Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Oelker, G. L.; Snyder, S. A.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 1.1 Articolo in rivista
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297418
Citazioni:
N -nitrosodimethylamine formation upon ozonation and identification of precursors source in a municipal wastewater treatment plant / Sgroi, M.; Roccaro, P.; Oelker, G. L.; Snyder, S. A.. - In: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. - ISSN 0013-936X. - ELETTRONICO. - 48:17(2014), pp. 10308-10315. [10.1021/es5011658]
Abstract:
Ozone doses normalized to the dissolved organic carbon concentration were applied to the primary influent, primary effluent, and secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant producing water destined for potable reuse. Results showed the most N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) production from primar...y effluent, and the recycle streams entering the primary clarifiers were identified as the main source of NDMA precursors. The degradation of aminomethylated polyacrylamide (Mannich) polymer used for sludge treatment was a significant cause of precursor occurrence. A strong correlation between NDMA formation and ammonia concentration was found suggesting an important role of ammonia oxidation on NDMA production. During ozonation tests in DI water using dimethylamine (DMA) as model precursor, the NDMA yield significantly increased in the presence of ammonia and bromide due to the formation of hydroxylamine and brominated nitrogenous oxidants. In addition, NDMA formation during ozonation of dimethylformamide (DMF), the other model precursor used in this study, occurred only in the presence of ammonia, and it was attributable to the oxidation of DMF by hydroxyl radicals. Filtered wastewater samples (0.7 μm) produced more NDMA than unfiltered samples, suggesting that ozone reacted with dissolved precursors and supporting the hypothesis of polymer degradation. Particularly, the total suspended solids content similarly affected NDMA formation and the UV absorbance decrease during ozonation due to the different ozone demand created in filtered and unfiltered samples. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
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Removal of xenobiotic compounds from wastewater for environment protection: Treatment processes and costs
Anno: 2013
Rivista: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
Autori/autrici: Roccaro, P.; Sgroi, M.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.
Lingua: ENG
Classificazione IRIS: 4.1 Contributo in Atti di convegno
Scheda completa IRIS: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297419
Citazioni:
Removal of xenobiotic compounds from wastewater for environment protection: Treatment processes and costs / Roccaro, P.; Sgroi, M.; Vagliasindi, F. G. A.. - In: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS. - ISSN 2283-9216. - 32:(2013), pp. 505-510. [10.3303/CET1332085]
Abstract:
Although the technologies available today can produce high quality water even from wastewater, most wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove emerging xenobiotic contaminants such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). The majorit...y of EDCs and PPCPs are more polar than most regulated contaminants and several have acidic or basic functional groups. EDCs and PPCPs properties, together with their occurrence at trace levels, create unique challenges for the removal processes and the consequent upgrading of wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, in this study ten different wastewater treatment trains are proposed in order to upgrade the conventional wastewater treatment plants. These schemes are based on the multi-barrier concept and include different advanced treatment processes such as membrane processes (membrane bio-reactors, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis), adsorption on activated carbon (GAC) or biological activated carbon (BAC), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Based on the existing data on the effectiveness of these treatment processes for the removal of EDCs and PPCPs, the proposed treatment schemes appear very effective in the removal of a wide range of compounds at trace levels in domestic wastewater. In order to evaluate and compare the feasibility of the proposed different treatment schemes the cost per cubic metre of treated water (Total Unit Cost, TUC) was calculated for several sizes of plant. Therefore, obtained cost functions may be used to estimate the treatment cost for the upgrade of the plant size of interest. Copyright © 2013, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
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